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kreditni rejting

Procjena rizičnosti financijskog instrumenta ponuđena od kreditnih agencija, kao što je Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s, i Fitch IBCA. Ove ocjene kreditne sposobnosti većinom se nude za zaduženja države ili tvrtke na tržištu kapitala. Trostruki A ili A++ rejting predstavlja niski rizik neispunjavanja ugovorne obveze; C ili D rejting, izniman rizik od neizvršavanja obveza. Cijene obveznica i kamate često (ali ne uvijek) odražavaju ove kreditne ocjene. Trostruka A obveznica ima nisku kamatnu stopu. Obveznice s visokim kamatama, također poznate kao bezvrijedne obveznice ili "smeće", uglavnom imaju rejting koji ukazuje na visok rizik neizvršavanja obveza. Čitav niz kriza na financijskim tržištima od sredine 1999-ih nadalje utjecao je pojačanu raspravu o pouzdanosti rejtinga, i o nedostatku ažurnosti u upozoravanju na nastajuće probleme. Nakon propasti Enrona, koju su opet te kreditne agencije propustile predvidjeti, neki kritičari tvrde da su tri velike agencije stvorile monopol i da je poticanje veće konkurencije jedini način za poboljšanje procjene kreditnog rejtinga.

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